Salinity rises particularly as a result of marine intrusions in these aquatic systems. Salinity typically fluctuates temporarily and is a vital influence on zooplankton’s composition and dynamics in inland coastal systems, as even marginally increased salinity adversely affects species. Zooplankton populations address environmental fluctuation conditions ranging from seasonal and predictable to unusual and unpredictable occurrences. They can also cause changes in the severity and frequency of severe events due to the combined effects of high spring tides, storm surges, surface waves, and river flooding. Consequently, coastal areas such as saltwater intrusion, coastal flooding, and coastal erosion can affect the inland ecosystem. The increase in sea level rise has one of the most severe consequences. Global warming and climate change have been described as the key factors contributing to rising sea levels. Industrialization, sea level rise, and urbanization often cause a variety of negative impacts on the aquatic ecosystems.

The global climate is changing rapidly in recent years.

macrocopa can only tolerate salinity below salinity 8 and cannot withstand stressful environmental conditions associated with salinities above 8. Based on the results, we conclude that M.

Interestingly, the difference in growth at different salinities was not evident, an unusual finding when considering adverse effects such as osmoregulation pressure on the organism. macrocopa also showed the highest reproduction rate at salinity 0 (e.g., average initial age of reproduction, 4.33 ± 0.58 days) compared with other salinities level. macrocopa survival was best at salinity 0, with a percentage of 98%, whereas the opposite occurred at salinity 15, with approximately 20% of viable animals surviving. The results indicated that optimal conditions produced the highest fatty acid content, especially the polyunsaturated fatty acid content, such as EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid), ALA (alpha-linoleic acid), ARA (arachidonic acid), and DHA (docosahexaenoic acid). Fatty acid levels were determined using Gas Chromatography and Mass Spectrophotometry (GC-MS). Sodium chloride (NaCl) as used in the treatments water with the concentration 0, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 15 salinity. Specifically, the fatty acid composition, growth, survival, and reproduction of this cladocerans species was examined. macrocopa to tolerate high salinity stress. The responses of Moina macrocopa (Cladocera) collected from Setiu Wetland lagoon (Terengganu) was evaluated through manipulative laboratory experiments to understand the ability of M. Salinity changes further influence food webs through competition and predation. Salinity is a known factor in shaping population dynamics and community structure through direct and indirect effects on aquatic ecosystems.

Moina normal font